What Is Movie and Cinema Therapy, & How Does It Work?

What Is Movie and Cinema Therapy, & How Does It Work? – Movies may be an escape from reality for some, but they are also deep reflections of our culture and our inner lives as human beings.

When we gather to watch a film, it’s a collective experience and one that can have a profound impact on our emotions and our thoughts. We can peer into other worlds, both real and imagined.

Cinema therapy uses this impact as a catalyst for healing. Clients watch a film with the intention of seeing themselves reflected. They may relate to the characters or find that their experience is quite different. This information can be brought to a therapy session and used to explore the client’s inner world.

Let’s explore how this therapy works and what the benefits are, plus we’ll add a few suitable recommendations.

Before you continue, we thought you might like to download our three Positive Psychology Exercises for free. These science-based exercises explore fundamental aspects of positive psychology, including strengths, values, and self-compassion, and will give you tools to enhance the well-being of your clients, students, or employees.

What Is Movie and Cinema Therapy?

In ancient Greece, the theater was used as a means of catharsis. It was believed that audiences would experience relief when they shared the emotions of the players. A catharsis or purging of emotion would result through this process of empathy, and audiences would leave the theater with a feeling of purification (Wu, 2008).

Freud renewed the concept of catharsis with his theory that unearthing and releasing repressed emotions would lead to relief and eventual happiness (Wu, 2008).

In more modern times, therapists have used bibliotherapy in a similar fashion. The therapist suggests a book to the client that contains characters living through a similar experience. The client reads the book and discusses it with the therapist, using the story to gain insight into their own choices and thoughts.

Cinema therapy was developed as an offshoot of bibliotherapy and follows in the footsteps of these older practices using movies instead of theater or books.

The therapist assigns a film to a client, choosing it specifically to reflect a core aspect of the client’s work.

The client watches the film independently and brings their input to the next session. This tool can also be used for couples and families (Dermer & Hutchings, 2000).

Birgit Wolz (n.d.), PhD, MFT, is a psychotherapist who writes about cinema therapy and facilitates cinema therapy groups. She has identified five guidelines for choosing a film for your client.

1. Laughter as medicine
   Wolz (n.d.) suggests that films can be chosen as a way to laugh about and create distance from a problem a client may obsess over. Rather than a pure escape, it is an opportunity to find a fresh perspective.
2. Crying for emotional catharsis
   Sometimes we are going through a grieving process, but allowing ourselves to feel the emotions fully can be difficult. A movie may provide the emotional release needed.
3. Gaining hope and encouragement
   A movie may provide a hopeful and uplifting solution to the problem, providing the client with inspiration and optimism.
4. Questioning negative beliefs and rediscovering your strengths
   By following a character through their ups and downs, a client may feel less alone and find that they also share the strengths that the character discovers.
5. Improving communication
   Characters often show where communication can break down. Choosing to watch a film with a partner, friend, or family member may create an opportunity to improve communication.

After selecting and assigning the movie, the client moves into the observation stage. They are encouraged to watch the movie actively, noticing what they feel and think in the process. Researchers have presented four main stages that occur during the process of cinema therapy (Sacilotto et al., 2022).

1. Identification
   The client identifies with the character because of their shared behavior and goals and notices the character’s feelings and emotions.
2. Catharsis
   The client may find that they learn through the character’s experiences.
3. Insight
   The client internalizes the character’s experience and develops a connection between their shared experience.
4. Universalization
   The client no longer feels as alone because they see their own experience reflected.

Culture should also be considered, and clinicians should choose movies where the clients will see their own culture and identities represented (Dunham & Dermer, 2020).

Movie ideas for your sessions

Wolz also provides many examples of movies that fit each of the previously mentioned categories. On her website, she has an extensive library with hundreds of suggestions. Here is a short list of some commonly prescribed films:

Addiction and recovery

• 28 Days (2000)
• When a Man Loves a Woman (1994)
• Leaving Las Vegas (1995)
• A Star Is Born (2018)

Child abuse

• Good Will Hunting (1997)
• Mystic River (2003)

Relationships

• The War of the Roses (1989)
• Marriage Story (2019)
• Groundhog Day (1993)

Mental illness

• As Good as It Gets (1997)
• Silver Linings Playbook (2012)
• Girl, Interrupted (1999)
• Antwone Fisher (2002)

3 Benefits of Using Movie Therapy

While simply watching a movie will not necessarily create significant change, there is some clinical evidence that movies followed by a therapeutic session have beneficial outcomes (Egeci & Gencoz, 2017).

Outcomes are improved when the clinician carefully considers a client’s preferences, goals, interests, and comprehension ability (Sacilotto et al., 2022).

The primary benefits of movie therapy are insight, catharsis, and feeling less alone. Clients relate to the characters in the films and understand themselves in new ways. And similar to the experience of connection found in group therapy, they feel they are not alone in what they are experiencing.

Does movie therapy help with depression?

Case studies have shown that cinema therapy can be a beneficial tool in increasing optimism and decreasing hopelessness in individuals with depression. Movie therapy helped clients become more aware of the causes of their depression and aided in initiating change (Heston & Kottman, 1997; Powell, 2008).

Movie therapy also has the potential to help individuals discover and develop their strengths (Niemiec, 2020). A therapist could have a client take a strengths survey and identify their top strengths. Then they could choose a movie with a character who either exemplifies or is developing these strengths. Niemiec (2020) provides a list of movies based on character strengths.

A Look at Movie Couples Therapy and Family Therapy

Movie therapy research has relied primarily on case studies and is mostly descriptive.

The reason for this is because of the need to choose films that will uniquely suit the client’s needs.

While many couples and families have similar issues when they arrive in therapy, they differ enough that completing a large-scale study would be difficult.

One small study that examined six couples applied several different films that explored problem-solving abilities, managing stressful situations, not recognizing a partner’s point of view, lacking skills in recognizing or expressing thoughts and feelings, and a general tendency toward negative attributes (Egeci & Gencoz, 2017).

These researchers found that the participants moved through the stages of identification and catharsis; however, not all of them found insight. Nonetheless, the movies were helpful in facilitating discussion and providing an opportunity to relate to their problems in a new way.

In another small study, pre-adolescent children whose parents were going through a divorce were given movie therapy to help process their feelings around the separation (Marsick, 2010).

The study found that through the use of movies and follow-up sessions, the children were better able to identify and express their feelings, experienced a catharsis of anger and sadness, developed coping skills for dealing with parental divorce, and felt less alone (Marsick, 2010).